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Smudging with a sage bundle has long been a most significant part of the spirituality of many Native American tribes. Smudging has been used since ancient times by many people as a ceremony of purification. Native Americans have used their local plants or obtained more exotic materials through trade with tribes of other regions. Among the plants used for smudge are tobacco, sweetgrass, calamus, red willow bark, red osier dogwood, cedar needles and sage.